目录
Docker的安装
Docker的使用
常用命令
启动Docker
查看Docker的运行状态
重启Docker
停止Docker服务
查看命令相关信息
镜像命令
列出本地主机上的镜像
搜索某个镜像的名称
拉取指定的镜像到本地
查看镜像/容器/数据卷所占的空间
删除某个镜像
容器命令
启动容器
列出正在运行的容器
退出容器
启动已停止运行的容器
重启容器
停止容器
强制停止容器
删除已停止的容器
启动守护式容器与进入容器
查看容器日志
查看容器内运行的进程
查看容器内部具体细节命令
进入容器内部
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
Docker的安装在centos7版本下
1.卸载旧版本Docker
yum remove docker \ docker-client \ docker-client-latest \ docker-common \ docker-latest \ docker-latest-logrotate \ docker-logrotate \ docker-engine2.首先安装g++与gcc
yum -y install gcc yum -y install g++3.安装需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils4.设置镜像仓库地址
yum-config-manager --add-repo \ https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo5.更新yum软件包索引
yum makecache fast6.安装Docker
yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io7.查看Docker版本
[root@localhost ~]# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 24.0.7 API version: 1.43 Go version: go1.20.10 Git commit: afdd53b Built: Thu Oct 26 09:09:18 2023 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 24.0.7 API version: 1.43 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.20.10 Git commit: 311b9ff Built: Thu Oct 26 09:08:20 2023 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.6.24 GitCommit: 61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523 runc: Version: 1.1.9 GitCommit: v1.1.9-0-gccaecfc docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit: de40ad08.设置开机自动启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable dockerDocker安装完成
Docker的使用 常用命令 启动Docker [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker 查看Docker的运行状态 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status docker
docker 相关命令 --help
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp --help Usage: docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|- docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem Use '-' as the source to read a tar archive from stdin and extract it to a directory destination in a container. Use '-' as the destination to stream a tar archive of a container source to stdout. Aliases: docker container cp, docker cp Options: -a, --archive Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information) -L, --follow-link Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH -q, --quiet Suppress progress output during copy. Progress output is automatically suppressed if no terminal is attached 镜像命令 列出本地主机上的镜像docker images
[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest 9c7a54a9a43c 6 months ago 13.3kB redis 6.2.7 4b1123a829a1 11 months ago 113MB apache/rocketmq 4.9.3 9a54e5b5b6c1 20 months ago 535MB alpine latest c059bfaa849c 2 years ago 5.58MB apacherocketmq/rocketmq-dashboard latest eae6c5db5d11 2 years ago 738MB portainer/portainer latest 580c0e4e98b0 2 years ago 79.1MB 参数 含义REPOSITORY表示镜像的仓库源TAG 镜像的标签版本号。在下载镜像的时候，如果默认不加版本号，就会 下载默认最新版本的镜像。如果加上指定版本号的镜像，下载的就是对应版 本的镜像。 IMAGE ID镜像IDCREATED镜像创建时间SIZE镜像大小 -a : 列出本地所有的镜像（含历史映像层）。 -q : 只显示镜像 ID 。 搜索某个镜像的名称 docker search XXX [root@localhost ~]# docker search redis NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 12498 [OK] redislabs/redisearch Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded… 61 redislabs/redisinsight RedisInsight - The GUI for Redis 94 redis/redis-stack-server redis-stack-server installs a Redis server w… 60 redis/redis-stack redis-stack installs a Redis server with add… 82 redislabs/rebloom A probablistic datatypes module for Redis 25 [OK] redislabs/redis Clustered in-memory database engine compatib… 40docker search --limit N XXX
只列出N个镜像，默认为25个
[root@localhost ~]# docker search --limit 5 redis NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 12498 [OK] redislabs/redisearch Redis With the RedisSearch module pre-loaded… 61 redislabs/redisinsight RedisInsight - The GUI for Redis 94 redis/redis-stack-server redis-stack-server installs a Redis server w… 60 redis/redis-stack redis-stack installs a Redis server with add… 82 拉取指定的镜像到本地docker pull XXX 没带标签就拉取最新版本的镜像
docker pull XXX:6.1.10 拉取指定标签的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull redis Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/redis a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete c7a4e4382001: Pull complete 4044b9ba67c9: Pull complete c8388a79482f: Pull complete 413c8bb60be2: Pull complete 1abfd3011519: Pull complete Digest: sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339 Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest docker.io/library/redis:latest 查看镜像/容器/数据卷所占的空间docker system df
[root@localhost ~]# docker system df TYPE TOTAL ACTIVE SIZE RECLAIMABLE Images 9 8 3.063GB 112.7MB (3%) Containers 15 5 10.4MB 1.993MB (19%) Local Volumes 4 4 218.8kB 0B (0%) Build Cache 0 0 0B 0B 删除某个镜像docker rmi XXX
docker rmi 某个镜像的IMAGE ID
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi redis Untagged: redis:latest Untagged: redis@sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339 Deleted: sha256:7614ae9453d1d87e740a2056257a6de7135c84037c367e1fffa92ae922784631 Deleted: sha256:49c70179bc923a7d48583d58e2b6c21bde1787edf42ed1f8de9e9b96e2e88e65 Deleted: sha256:396e06df5d1120368a7a8a4fd1e5467cdc2dd4083660890df078c654596ddc1c Deleted: sha256:434d118df2e9edb51238f6ba46e9efdfa21be68e88f54787531aa39a720a0740 Deleted: sha256:2047f09c412ff06f4e2ee8a25d105055e714d99000711e27a55072e640796294 Deleted: sha256:13d71c9ccb39b206211dd1900d06aa1984b0f5ab8abaa628c70b3eb733303a65 Deleted: sha256:2edcec3590a4ec7f40cf0743c15d78fb39d8326bc029073b41ef9727da6c851f不能删除正在运行容器的镜像，可以加上参数-f强制删除
docker rmi -f XXX
docker rmi -f 镜像名1:TAG 镜像名2:TAG 可以删除多个镜像
容器命令 启动容器docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
OPTIONS含义--name="容器新名字"为容器指定一个名称；-d后台运行容器并返回容器ID，也即启动守护式容器(后台运行)；-i以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用； -t：-t 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用； 也即启动交互式容器( 前台有伪终端，等待交互 ) ； -P随机端口映射，大写P-p指定端口映射，小写p [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash root@168fd40e5a27:/#参数说明：
-i: 交互式操作。 -t: 终端。 ubuntu: ubuntu 镜像。 /bin/bash ：放在镜像名后的是命令，这里我们希望有个交互式 Shell ，用来解 释执行 linux 指令。因此用的是 /bin/bash 。 要退出终端，直接输入 exit 。 列出正在运行的容器docker ps
root@168fd40e5a27:/# [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 168fd40e5a27 ubuntu"/bin/bash"About a minute ago Up About a minute jovial_einstein e2592a496c60 portainer/portainer"/portainer"7 weeks ago Up 34 minutes 0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, :::8000->8000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp portainer 2984b012f3be apacherocketmq/rocketmq-dashboard:latest"sh -c 'java $JAVA_O…"7 weeks ago Up 34 minutes 0.0.0.0:8280->8080/tcp, :::8280->8080/tcp rocketmq-console 799a4159b6cf apache/rocketmq:4.9.3"sh mqbroker -c /hom…"7 weeks ago Restarting (255) 41 seconds ago rocketmq-broker e7cc34338422 redis:6.2.7"docker-entrypoint.s…"2 months ago Up 34 minutes 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp redis6 12b28b13b6cd mysql:8.0.20"docker-entrypoint.s…"2 months ago Up 34 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp可以携带的参数：
-a : 列出当前所有正在运行的容器 + 历史上运行过的 -l : 显示最近创建的容器。 -n ：显示最近 n 个创建的容器。 -q : 只显示正在运行的容器编号。 退出容器 exit 容器停止ctrl + p + q 容器不停止 启动已停止运行的容器 docker start 容器 ID 或者容器名 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n 2 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 95cece2337ab ubuntu"/bin/bash"24 seconds ago Up 23 seconds frosty_fermi 27f56882f7fe ubuntu"/bin/bash"43 seconds ago Up 42 seconds charming_lamport [root@localhost ~]# docker start 95cece2337ab 95cece2337ab 重启容器 docker restart 容器 ID 或者容器名 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n 3 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 95cece2337ab ubuntu"/bin/bash"About a minute ago Up About a minute frosty_fermi 27f56882f7fe ubuntu"/bin/bash"About a minute ago Up About a minute charming_lamport cef340972b6b ubuntu"/bin/bash"2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago eloquent_buck [root@localhost ~]# docker restart cef340972b6b cef340972b6b 停止容器docker stop 容器ID或者容器名
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop cef340972b6b cef340972b6b 强制停止容器docker kill 容器ID或者容器名称
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill 95cece2337ab 95cece2337ab 删除已停止的容器docker rm 容器ID
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 95cece2337ab 95cece2337ab删除正在运行的容器需要加上-f
docker rm -f XXX
启动守护式容器与进入容器如果是前台运行
docker logs 容器ID
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs 0365c86064ff 1:C 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.693 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo 1:C 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.693 # Redis version=6.2.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started 1:C 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.693 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf 1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.694 * monotonic clock: POSIX clock_gettime 1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.698 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379. 1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.698 # Server initialized 1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.698 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect. 1:M 25 Nov 2023 07:30:25.698 * Ready to accept connections 查看容器内运行的进程 docker top 容器 ID [root@localhost ~]# docker top 0365c86064ff UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD systemd+ 26755 26736 0 15:30 ? 00:00:00 redis-server *:6379 查看容器内部具体细节命令 docker inspect 容器 ID
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 0365c86064ff /bin/bash root@0365c86064ff:/data#使用exit退出后容器依然在运行
也可以通过docker attach 容器ID的方式进入容器，但是exit退出会导致容器停止
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的主机路径